MotorGraders (Download)
Motor Graders Description Motor Grader- a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface. Also referred to as: a grader, road grader, blade, or maintainer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grader Description/Components Typical models have three axles, with the engine and cab situated above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in between. History Since 1903 dirt and gravel roads have been built using graders. T wo entrepreneurs built the first Russell grader. Not long afterwards, commercial manufacturers like Caterpillar and John Deere began to make them by mass production. 1918 Grader http://www.heavyequipmentschool.com/?p=149 Uses “ Blue topping”- in road or grading work the surveyor places stakes and paints their tops blue to represent the required elevation. Graders are typically used to refine the grading that is started by heavier equipment like dozers and scrapers. Fine Grading www.buyerzone.com/…/rbic-reengineered.html Less Common Uses Snow Removal Underground Mining Farm work http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grader Hazards Roll over Struck by hazards Pinch points Slips and falls Hitting Unknown Objects http://www.contractjournal.com/blogs/digger-blog/assets_c/2009/06/Picture%20002-thumb-439×329-37661.jpg Fatalities From 1990 thru 2009 there were 78 construction worker deaths investigated by OSHA that pertained to the operation, use, or presence of a motor grader. The majority (nearly 63%) were workers on the ground who worked near the graders . Sou rce: Extracted from OSHA Accident Investigation Data 1990-2007 Nature of Grader Accidents Nature of Grader Movement Cases The operator prepared to begin backing up the grader. Since the grader was missing the factory installed side rearview mirrors, he looked to the rear over his shoulders in which h e did not see anyone and proceeded to back up the grader. A worker moved into the path of the grader from the right, and the left rear tires struck and ran over him. He suffered multiple injuries to the chest and abdomen and later died. Sou rce: Extracted from OSHA Accident Investigation Data 1990-2007 Cases A worker was walking behind the rear of a road grader that was backing up. The reverse alarm was sounding and was audible, according to witnesses. The employee was caught on her left side by the left rear wheel of the grader and pulled under both tires. She sustained injuries to her body including head, leg, and abdominal injuries which led to her death. Sou rce: Extracted from OSHA Accident Investigation Data 1990-2007 Cases An operator started a motor grader and left it idling in gear to let the engine and transmission oils warm up. While the machine was idling, he started to climb down from the machine. As he did this he apparently slipped and hit the accelerator pedal, causing the engine to speed up. As the motor grader started to move forward, he fell in front of the left front rear wheel and was run over. He suffered massive internal injuries and was pronounced dead. Sou rce: Extracted from OSHA Accident Investigation Data 1990-2007 Cases A worker was directing a motor grader on how much grade to cut. After the grader passed him, he attempted to cross behind it. At the same time, the road grader backed up and ran over him. He died from internal injuries. Sou rce: Extracted from OSHA Accident Investigation Data 1990-2007 Cases A worker was using a hand-held optic grade checking device while a coworker was operating a motor grader. The worker bent over, placing his head close to the ground to sight an elevation marker located on the side of the new road. At the same time, the operator backed up the motor grader to make another pass over the road fill that had recently been placed. As he backed up, he ran over and crushed the worker’s head, killing him. The back-up alarm was inoperative. Sou rce: Extracted from OSHA Accident Investigation Data 1990-2007 OSHA Regulations The following OSHA Regulations encompass rubber-tired self-propelled machinery as a whole although there are a few instances where motor graders are specifically mentioned. www.finning.co.uk/…/ Motor_Graders / OSHA Regulations 1926.1001(a)-General. This section prescribes minimum performance criteria for rollover protective structures (ROPS) for rubber-tired self-propelled scrapers; rubber-tired front-end loaders and rubber-tired dozers; crawler tractors, and crawler-type loaders, and motor graders . The vehicle and ROPS as a system shall have the structural characteristics prescribed in paragraph (f) of this section for each type of machine described in this paragraph. Source: 29 CFR 1926 OSHA Construction Industry Regulations OSHA Regulations 1926.1001(b)-For motor graders : Operating between 0 and 10 miles per hour over hard clay where rollover would be limited to 360 deg. down a slope of 30 deg. maximum. 1926.1001(c)(1)(iii)-Recommended, but not mandatory, types of test setups are illustrated in Figure W-1 for all types of equipment to which this section applies; and in Figure W-2 for rubber-tired self-propelled scrapers; Figure W-3 for rubber-tired front-end loaders, rubber-tired dozers, and motor graders ; and Figure W-4 for crawler tractors and crawler-type loaders. Source: 29 CFR 1926 OSHA Construction Industry Regulations OSHA Regulations 1926.1001(f)(2)( i )- The energy requirement for purposes of meeting the requirements of paragraph (e)(1) of this section is to be determined by referring to the plot of the energy versus weight of vehicle (see … Figure W-9 for motor graders ). For purposes of this section, force and weight are measured as pounds (lb.); energy (U) is measured as inch-pounds. Source: 29 CFR 1926 OSHA Construction Industry Regulations Safety Equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hard Hat Safety shoes (work boots) Hearing and Eye Protection Hi-visibility vest Gloves www.constructionsafety.ws/ Safety Procedures Walk around the motor grader before operating it Maintain 3 points of Contact with the motor grader when entering or leaving the cab. Check the surrounding area of the motor grader, especially where grading could be hazardous. Check the functionality of the motor grader including rear view mirrors. Construction Industry Manufacturers Association Motor Grader Safety Manual Safety Procedures Fasten Seat Belt. Sound Horn before starting. Know all traffic and hand signals. Have the motor grader serviced and maintained regularly. Never allow someone under the influence of drugs or alcohol to operate or be in the vicinity of the motor grader. Construction Industry Manufacturers Association Motor Grader Safety Manual Think Safety Work Safely