DumpTrucks (Download)
Dump Trucks Standard Safety Practices and Concerns Introduction: Dump Trucks are a common piece of equipment utilized on virtually all construction sites. Primary use: to haul loads of loose material such as soil, gravel, or dirt to and from jobsites. Images source: Google Images Introduction: Two Basic Kinds: Off road On road Off- Road On- Road Introduction: Dump trucks are generally equipped with a hydraulically operated open-box bed hinged at the rear. T he front of the bed is lifted up to allow its contents to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. Cab Bed Hydraulic Lift Source: www.wikipedia.com Variety of Types: super dump trucks Source: www.wikipedia.com standard dump trucks articulated dump trucks transfer dump trucks semi-trailer end and bottom dump trucks double and triple trailer bottom dump trucks Primary Modes of Accident Causation: People being run over by dump trucks Source: Jimmie Wayne Hinze Primary Modes of Accident Causation: People being run over by dump trucks: Example: “A laborer, was preparing the surface of a newly back-filled trench for placement of a black top patch in a roadway. The driver of a dump truck was attempting to back up to receive a load of dirt. The laborer was run over and killed. The vehicle’s back-up alarm was found to be defective; it only worked intermittently.” Source: 1999-2007 OSHA Fatality Data Primary Modes of Accident Causation: Trucks tip over due to uneven ground or poor distribution of load. Source: http://www.construction-site-accident.com/lawyer/dump_truck_accidents.html Primary Modes of Accident Causation: Trucks tip over due to uneven ground or poor distribution of load. Example: An employee was using a dump truck to haul excavated material to a dump site on the next level up a mountain. It appeared that the operator backed his vehicle into place, dumped his load, and was lowering his bed when the soft surface of previously dumped material gave way. His wheels sank, causing his truck to roll backward down the slope. The truck struck range boulders that had been dumped near the bottom of the slope, rolled over three or four times, and continued. The employee was thrown out of the cab was killed. Source: 1999-2007 OSHA Fatality Data Primary Modes of Accident Causation: Electrocution caused by the bed becoming attached to overhead power lines. Image Source: http://www.elcosh.org Primary Modes of Accident Causation: Electrocution caused by the bed becoming attached to overhead power lines. Example: “An employee was dumping a load of stone at a temporary levee. The levee was being constructed to stem the flow of flood waters. He backed his dump truck into position and raised the semi-dump trailer to dump the load. The trailer contacted a 12.5-kilovolt overhead power line, which caused the truck tires to ignite. The employee jumped from his truck, but was electrocuted when he touched the truck while he was on the wet stone roadway.” Source: 1999-2007 OSHA Fatality Data Primary Modes of Accident Causation: Being crushed or pinned by the collapsed bed due to pin or support malfunctioning. Image Source: http://www.elcosh.org Primary Modes of Accident Causation: Being crushed or pinned by the collapsed bed due to pin or support malfunctioning. Example: “An employee was working on the hydraulic lift system of dump truck. He was adding a pump to increase the lifting capacity of the dump box. The dump box was elevated into position. While in the up position, the box was not blocked or cribbed as to prevent an accidental fall. Consequently, the dump box fell on the employee, crushing his head and neck. The injury resulted in a death.” Source: 1999-2007 OSHA Fatality Data Dump Truck Dangers: Source: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://safetybootsandcrochet.files.wordpress.com Dump Truck Dangers: Causes for tipping: Stability is adversely affected by one or more of the following factors: the unit is not on a level surface when dumping a large amount of material is in the upper portion of the raised box material does not flow out of the top portion of the box, or does not flow out of one side of the top portion the rear wheels settle unevenly as the load moves to the rear during dumping wind may exert lateral loads, especially if the box is long, as is the case with end-dump semi-trailers. Source: http://www.construction-site-accident.com/lawyer/dump_truck_accidents.html Dump Truck Dangers: Causes for tipping: Stability may also be affected by the unit’s mechanical condition: poor rear suspension systems on one side of the vehicle uneven tire pressures in rear wheels worn or inadequate components of the lifting system such as pins worn or inadequate lifting cylinders. Source: http://www.construction-site-accident.com/lawyer/dump_truck_accidents.html Breakdown of 388 Fatalities Involving Dump Trucks Nature of Dump Truck Movement Note: Of 25 backup alarms that were not functioning on the dump trucks (all associated with fatalities), 23 resulted in deaths when traveling in reverse. Description of Victim Task of Dump Truck OSHA Regulations: 1926.601 Motor Vehicles (b) All vehicles must have working: service brakes emergency brake system parking brake system. All vehicles need at least 2 head lights and 2 tail lights. Must have break lights. Source: OSHA Standards 2005 subpart J-0 OSHA Regulations: 1926.601 Motor Vehicles (b) All vehicles must be equipped with operable audible warning device at the operator’s station. If vehicle has no rear view than it needs a spotter or an audible signal when backing up. OR Source: OSHA Standards 2005 subpart J-0 BEEP…BEEP WATCH OUT! OSHA Regulations: 1926.601 Motor Vehicles (b) All vehicles with cabs must have a windshield & wipers. Broken glass must be replaced. Defogging and defrosting devices are also required to ensure adequate visibility. Req. Windshield wipers Source: OSHA Standards 2005 subpart J-0 OSHA Regulations: 1926.601 Motor Vehicles (b) (6) All trucks must be equipped with a cab shield to prevent loose falling material from hitting the operator. (7) Tools & Materials must be secured when being transported in the same compartment as workers. (8) Vehicles used to transport employees must have a secured seat for each employee carried. (9) All vehicles must be equipped with proper seatbelts. Source: OSHA Standards 2005 subpart J-0 OSHA Regulations: 1926.601 Motor Vehicle (b ) (10) Truck with dumping bodies must have locked support required when being repaired or maintained (11) Levers that control the hoisting or dumping devices must have latch that prevents bumping controls & accidentally dumping or hoisting. (12) Trip handles must be located so that the operator is not in the path of the dumping material. Pins are attached to trucks to lock dump bodies in place to prevent accidental lowering. Source: OSHA Standards 2005 subpart J-0 Locked support activated inside cab OSHA Regulations: OSHA requires trucks be checked at the beginning of each shift to be sure all parts are in operable condition. Defects found must be reported and the truck must be left out of services until repaired. Steering mechanism Engine Tires Operating controls Seat belts Safety Precautions: Operator’s guidelines: Dump trucks should only be operated by trained professionals. Operators must be well rested and attentive when operating this equipment. Operators must wear the required personal protective equipment This includes shoes , a seat belt and a hard hat when necessary. Operators should not use cell phones while operating this equipment Safety Precautions: Equipment precautions: Trucks must be maintained in good working condition at all times. Before starting the truck, perform a pre-start check assess the surrounding environment. Communicate with surrounding workers to identify possible hazards or obstructions. Safety Precautions: Maintenance: Check tire pressures daily. Tire pressures should be equal on each side of the vehicle. Examine and lubricate pins and bushings regularly. Inspect suspension systems under load to ensure that they work properly and provide even suspension. Weak suspension systems should be replaced immediately. Inspect hoist cylinders regularly. Worn cylinders should not be replaced with smaller cylinders or with cylinders rated at lower operating pressure. Make sure that repairs to boxes leave bottom and sides clear and unrestricted. Rough patchwork repairs near the top of the box can catch and hold sticky materials. Source: http://www.construction-site-accident.com/lawyer/dump_truck_accidents.html Safety Precautions: Loading: Loading of the box front-to-back must meet allowable gross weight and axle weight limitations set by the Ministry of Transportation. From side to side it is best to load as evenly as possible. If material is likely to flow poorly, lighten up the load in the top end of the box. A slightly smaller load will be better than a full load that causes a tip-over. Box liners will help most materials flow better during dumping. Liners also help to keep the box in good condition. Source: http://www.construction-site-accident.com/lawyer/dump_truck_accidents.html Safety Precautions: Check the Load: To avoid truck damage, the safety of others, and being cited. Safety Precautions: Dumping: Operators should be trained to recognize areas hazardous to dumping. Before dumping, operators should ensure that the tailgate is unlocked and that the vehicle is on a reasonably level surface. Before spreading material by dumping it from a moving truck, make sure that the entire length of travel is reasonably level. Trucks should not dump when they are parked side by side with another vehicle. Other personnel such as dozer operators, surveyors, and spotters should be warned not to work near a dumping truck in case it tips over. Workers on foot should not congregate in areas where dumping is under way. Source: http://www.construction-site-accident.com/lawyer/dump_truck_accidents.html Safety Precautions: Always make sure tailgate is unlocked before raising body. Be aware of the size of truck to avoid overhead power lines/overpasses when dumping. Dump beds shall be fully lowered or blocked when being repaired or when not in use. Safety Precautions: Tipping: Work on flat ground when possible. Choose the most appropriate travel route to avoid uneven surfaces and possible tipping. Do not hurry or take shortcuts. Advise when haul roads/ routes need maintenance. Image Source: Google Images Think Safety Work Safely